"Updates"

2026-05-07 11:25:07 +02:00
parent 2f77994a66
commit db481e3c91
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+## ZFS
+
+### Update / Upgrade
+
+```bash
+sudo apt update && sudo apt upgrade -y
+```
+
+### Enable the contrib repository
+
+```bash
+sudo nano /etc/apt/sources.list
+```
+
+```bash
+#deb cdrom:[Debian GNU/Linux 13.3.0 _Trixie_ - Official amd64 NETINST with firmware 20260110-10:59]/ trixie contrib main non-free-firmware
+
+deb http://deb.debian.org/debian/ trixie main contrib non-free-firmware
+deb-src http://deb.debian.org/debian/ trixie main contrib non-free-firmware
+
+deb http://security.debian.org/debian-security trixie-security main contrib non-free-firmware
+deb-src http://security.debian.org/debian-security trixie-security main contrib non-free-firmware
+
+# trixie-updates, to get updates before a point release is made;
+# see https://www.debian.org/doc/manuals/debian-reference/ch02.en.html#_updates_and_backports
+deb http://deb.debian.org/debian/ trixie-updates main contrib non-free-firmware
+deb-src http://deb.debian.org/debian/ trixie-updates main contrib non-free-firmware
+
+# This system was installed using removable media other than
+# CD/DVD/BD (e.g. USB stick, SD card, ISO image file).
+# The matching "deb cdrom" entries were disabled at the end
+# of the installation process.
+# For information about how to configure apt package sources,
+# see the sources.list(5) manual.
+```
+
+### Refresh package index and install ZFS
+
+```bash
+sudo apt update && sudo apt install linux-headers-6.12.85+deb13-amd64 zfsutils-linux -y
+
+sudo modprobe zfs
+
+sudo reboot
+```
+
+### Verify ZFS Installation
+
+```bash
+lsmod | grep zfs
+zfs --version
+zpool --version
+```
+
+### Creating and Using a ZFS Pool & Datasets
+Once ZFS is installed, you can create pools (zpools) and datasets. Below is a typical example.
+
+#### Identify disks / partitions
+List available block devices:
+
+```bash
+lsblk
+sudo blkid
+```
+
+Create a mirrored pool named *tank* using /dev/sda and /dev/sdb:
+
+```bash
+sudo zpool create \
+  -o ashift=12 \
+  -o autotrim=on \
+  tank mirror /dev/sda /dev/sdb
+```
+
+Explanation:
+
+ashift=12 sets a 4KiB sector alignment (useful for modern drives/SSDs).
+
+autotrim=on enables automatic trimming (on SSDs).
+
+mirror defines redundancy — you could also use raidz, raidz2, etc.
+
+You can also check pool properties:
+
+```bash
+sudo zpool get all tank
+```
+
+Within the pool, create datasets:
+
+```bash
+sudo zfs create tank/cloud
+# sudo zfs create tank/data
+# sudo zfs create tank/data/projects
+# sudo zfs create tank/data/backups
+```
+
+Datasets behave like sub-filesystems; you can set properties on each.
+
+Example: enable compression and disable atime:
+
+```bash
+sudo zfs set compression=lz4 tank/data
+sudo zfs set atime=off tank/data
+```
+
+#### Mountpoints
+> By default, datasets are mounted under /tank/..., but you can set mountpoint property:
+
+```bash
+sudo mkdir -p /mnt/cloud
+sudo zfs set mountpoint=/mnt/cloud tank/cloud
+```
+
+To list datasets and their mountpoints:
+
+```bash
+zfs list
+```
+
+#### Using snapshots & rollbacks
+
+```bash
+sudo zfs snapshot tank/data@before-update
+```
+
+Roll back:
+
+```bash
+sudo zfs rollback tank/data@before-update
+```
+
+Send/receive snapshots for backups:
+
+```bash
+sudo zfs send tank/data@before-update | ssh user@backuphost "zfs receive backup/data"
+```
+
+#### Mounting, Autostart, and Integration
+
+> ZFS datasets are managed by ZFS itself; the mount/unmount is handled automatically by the ZFS service at boot (once ZFS is loaded). Ensure that ZFS mounting is enabled via systemd or init scripts:
+
+```bash
+sudo systemctl enable zfs-zed
+sudo systemctl enable zfs-mount
+sudo systemctl enable zfs-import-cache
+```
+
+PS : on Debian, the installation of zfs-zed may already set up the necessary services.
+
+You can configure /etc/zfs/zfs-list.cache (automatically generated) for faster mounting.